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Military History: Most Popular Articles

These articles are the most popular over the last month.
Civil War Causes
The American Civil War was the result of a variety of causes ranging from slavery and states rights to industrialization and societal change. These, combined with the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, touched off the American Civil War.
Vietnam Origins
A look at the causes of the Vietnam War, from World War II to American intervention.
M4 Sherman Tank
The iconic American tank of World War II, the M4 Sherman was produced in large numbers and served in all theaters. The M4 Sherman tank was a reliable, easily produced medium tank that provided invaluable service in supporting American troops.
Model 1861 Colt Navy Revolver - Weapons of the American Civil War - Civil War Small Arms Cold Navy Revolver
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Sopwith Camel - Fighters of World War I - Sopwith Camel and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
Civil War: First Shots
The American Civil War first began when Confederate troops opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. Following this attack, President Lincoln called for volunteer troops to put down the rebellion. The American Civil War began in earnest in July at the First Battle of Bull Run.
German Panther Tank
The Panther medium tank entered service with the Wehrmacht in mid-1943. Possessing an excellent blend of firepower, armor, and speed, the Panther was one of the finest tanks produced during World War II. Used until the end of the conflict, the Panther strongly influenced postwar tank designs.
Lee-Enfield Rifle
The Lee-Enfield rifle was the standard service rifle of British and Commonwealth forces for much of the first half of the 20th century. A bolt-action, magazine-fed weapon, the Lee-Enfield saw extensive service during World War I and II. It is the second-most produced military rifle of all-time.
World War II 101
The bloodiest conflict in history, World War II consumed the globe from 1939-1945. World War II was fought largely in Europe, the Pacific, and eastern Asia, and pitted the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan against the Allied nations of Great Britain, France, China, the United States, and Soviet Union. While the Axis enjoyed early success, they were gradually beaten back, with both Italy and Germany falling to Allied troops and Japan surrendering after the use of the atomic bomb.
Vietnam Brief
Start here for information about the Vietnam War - a short, one page overview of the conflict.
Pearl Harbor
The homeport of the US Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor was first acquired by the United States in 1887. Slow to develop due to its shallow entrance channel, Pearl Harbor became the US Navy's premier base in the Pacific in the years prior to World War II. Attacked on December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor rose from the ashes and supported the US Pacific Fleet throughout the war. Still in full use today, Pearl Harbor continues to stand guard over the "Crossroads of the Pacific."
American Revolution
The American Revolution was fought between 1775 and 1783, and was the result of increasing colonial unhappiness with British rule. During the American Revolution, American forces were constantly hampered by a lack of resources, but managed to win critical victories which led to an alliance with France. Following the American victory at Yorktown, fighting effectively ended and the war was concluded with the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
Battle of Dak To
The Battle of Dak To began as attempt by the North Vietnamese to destroy a sizable US force in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. This attack was disrupted by US forces and a three week battle ensued with American troops fighting to dislodge the North Vietnamese from a series of fortified hills and ridges. After heavy fighting, the Americans were able to win the Battle of Dak To and force the North Vietnamese to retreat.
M1 Garand
The M1 Garand was the first semiautomatic rifle to be issued to an entire army. Developed in the 1920s and 1930s, the M1 was designed by John Garand. Firing a .30-06 round, the M1 Garand was the main infantry weapon employed by US forces during World War II and the Korean War.
Nieuport 17 - Fighters of World War I - Nieuport 17 and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress - Bombers of World War II - Boeing B-17 and American World War II Bombers - B-17 Photos - B-17 Photographs
The first major war to feature widespread bombing, World War II produced a variety of bombers of all shapes and sizes. While some nations such as the United States and Great Britain built long-range, four-engine aircraft, others chose to focus on smaller, medium bombers. This gallery will provide an overview of some the bombers used during the conflict.
Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway in early June 1942, marked the turning point of World War II in the Pacific. Fighting to the west of Midway, the US Navy attacked and sunk four Japanese aircraft carriers while losing only one of its own.
Sharps Rifle - Weapons of the American Civil War - Civil War Small Arms Sharps Rifle
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Vietnam Ends
An overview of the final days of the Vietnam War.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth at Garrett Farm
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
English Longbow
The English Longbow was devastating weapon on the medieval battlefield and was extensively used between the 13th and 17th centuries. Firing heavy arrows at long range, archers equipped with the English Longbow were capable of defeating charges by armored knights. The weapon is best remembered for its contributions to the English victories at Crecy (1346) and Agincourt (1415).
Brown Bess Musket
Originally the Long Land Pattern, the "Brown Bess" musket was the standard small arm of the British Army between 1722 and 1838. A flintlock musket, the basic Brown Bess pattern was altered and upgraded several times during its service life. It was finally superseded with the introduction of percussion cap muskets in the early 19th century.
Civil War: Turning Points
The two victories at Gettysburg, PA and Vicksburg, MS, turned the Civil War in the Union's favor. Culminating within a day of each other, Gettysburg and Vicksburg respectively put Lee on the defensive in the East and opened the Mississippi in the West, paving the way for the South's ultimate defeat.
SPAD XIII - Fighters of World War I - SPAD XIII and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
1900s Timeline
A military history timeline of the 20th and 21st centuries.
American Civil War
The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865, and was the bloodiest conflict in American history. Pitting North against South, the American Civil War had lasting repucussions that are still felt today. This overview will provide a brief history of the American Civil War.
Battleship Yamato
The Japanese battleship Yamato, and its sisters, were the largest, most powerful ships of their type ever constructed. Completed in late 1941, Yamato served with the Imperial Japanese Navy throughout World War II. In April 1945, Yamato was sunk by US aircraft while on a "suicide ride" to aid in the defense of Okinawa.
Karabiner 98k
The Karabiner 98k was one of the principal rifles used by the German Wehrmacht (Army) during World War II. Employed in all theaters involving German forces, the Karabiner 98k was the last in a long line of Mauser rifles designed for Germany. After the war, the Karabiner 98k was used in variety of other conflicts including fighting in the Middle East and Vietnam.
Vietnam War 101
Start here for information about the Vietnam War - a short, one page overview of the conflict.
Spencer Rifle Carbine - Weapons of the American Civil War - Civil War Small Arms Spencer Rifle
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Model 1861 Springfield - Weapons of the American Civil War - Civil War Small Arms Springfield Rifle
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Fokker Dr.I - Fighters of World War I - Fokker Dr. I and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
Liberty Ships
Liberty Ships were mass-produced cargo ships built during World War II to provide the Allies with much needed merchant tonnage. Designed to replace merchant ships lost to U-boat attacks, Liberty Ships were of a simple design that could be build quickly. Utilizing a variety of new and old technologies, Liberty Ships proved vital to the Allied war effort.
Supermarine Spitfire
The Supermarine Spitfire was the iconic British fighter of World War II. With over 20,000 built, the Supermarine Spitfire saw action in all theaters of the war and proved a nimble and deadly aircraft.
Albatross D.III - Fighters of World War I - Albatross D.III and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
Fokker D.VII - Fighters of World War I - Fokker D.VII and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
World War II Europe: Causes
The causes of World War II in Europe can be traced to the Treaty of Versailles which ended World War I. As a result of economic hardship imposed by the treaty, as well as the Great Depression, Germany embraced the fascist Nazi Party. Led by Adolf Hitler, the Nazis took control of the country and began a program of expansion that culminated with the invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939.
Battle of Bannockburn
Fought near Stirling Castle, the Battle of Bannockburn was the decisive battle of the First War of Scottish Independence. Occurring in 1314, Bannockburn saw the outnumbered forces of Robert the Bruce inflict a devastating defeat on the English led by Edward II. The victory at Bannockburn secured Bruce's position as king of Scotland and paved the way for recognition of the nation's independence.
CSS Alabama - Weapons of the American Civil War - CSS Alabama and Civil War Navies - Confederate Raider CSS Alabama
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Mitsubishi A6M Zero
The Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero was the primary fighter used by the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Highly maneuverable, the Japanese Zero outclassed most Allied fighters during the early years of the conflict. As the war progressed, the Zero found itself inferior to the new generation of fighters such as the F6F Hellcat and F4U Corsair.
Vietnam War Americanization
A history of the early years of American involvement in the Vietnam War.
Confederate General Thomas Stonewall Jackson - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War Thomas Stonewall Jackson
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth at Dent's Meadow
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
Vietnam Tet Offensive
An examination of the Tet Offensive and its effects on the Vietnam War.
Causes of Conflict
The American Revolution began as a result of increasing colonial unhappiness with the policies of the British government. Following the French and Indian War, the British attempted to levy a series of taxes on the American colonies. The American Revolution occurred when colonial protests led to armed conflict.
Model 1853 Enfield Rifle - Weapons of the American Civil War - Civil War Small Arms Model 1853 Enfield Rifle
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
1800s Timeline
A military history timeline of the 19th century.
Battleship Bismarck
DKM Bismarck was one of the most feared battleships constructed by Nazi Germany. Launched in 1939, Bismarck inspired such fear that when it first entered the Atlantic two years later the British devoted all of their resources to sinking it. After defeating HMS Hood, Bismarck was damaged by British aircraft and ultimately sunk on May 27, 1941.
Confederate General James Longstreet - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War James Longstreet
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth Surratt Tavern
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
Gatling Gun - Weapons of the American Civil War - Gatling Gun and Civil War Artillery
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Sopwith Pup - Fighters of World War I - Sopwith Pup and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth at Cleydael
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
Battle & Evacuation of Dunkirk
Fighting the Battle of Dunkirk, the British Expeditionary Force struggled to hold off the German advance in order to allow Allied forces to evacuate to England. Forming a defensive perimeter around Dunkirk, British forces held out long enough to allow a wide variety of vessels to rescue over 330,000 men. Though a defeat, the success of the Dunkirk evacuation allowed Britain to continue the war.
Operation Gomorrah
Beginning on July 24, 1943, Operation Gomorrah was a coordinated bombing assault on the city of Hamburg, Germany. Striking the city continuously for eight days and seven nights, American and British bombers reduced much of Hamburg to rubble, killing 50,000 and leaving over a million Germans homeless.
Battle of the Alamo
The Battle of Alamo was fought between Texan and Mexican forces between February 23 and March 6, 1836. Fighting for independence, the Texans fortified the Alamo and withstood a thirteen-day siege before Mexican forces overran the mission. Noted frontiermen Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett were killed in the fighting.
Parrott Rifle - Weapons of the American Civil War - Civil War Artillery Parrott Rifle
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Horatio Nelson
Born in 1758, Horatio Nelson rose to become one the world's greatest naval leaders. Horatio Nelson's victories at the Battle of the Nile, the Battle of Copenhagen, and the Battle of Trafalgar played a key role in the defeat of Revolutionary France and Napoleon.
de Havilland Mosquito - Bombers of World War II - de Havilland Mosquito and British World War II Bombers - de Havilland Mosquito Photos
The first major war to feature widespread bombing, World War II produced a variety of bombers of all shapes and sizes. While some nations such as the United States and Great Britain built long-range, four-engine aircraft, others chose to focus on smaller, medium bombers. This gallery will provide an overview of some the bombers used during the conflict.
Airco D.H.2 - Fighters of World War I - Airco D.H.2 and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
Advancing Across the Pacific
During World War II, the Allies adopted a strategy of "island hopping" across the Pacific. By landing on selected islands, US forces were able to push across the Pacific and bypass Japanese strong points. This approach culminated in the liberation of the Philippines and the Marianas Islands. From the latter, US aircraft were able to strike Japan and ultimately deliver the atom bombs which ended the war.
HMS Victory
HMS Victory was first commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1778. A 104-gun ship of the line, HMS Victory was present at many of the key naval battles of the Napoleonic Wars and is best remembered as Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar. Retired from active service in 1812, HMS Victory was used for a variety of purposes before being restored as a museum ship.
3-inch Ordnance Rifle - Weapons of the American Civil War - 3-inch Ordance Rifle and Civil War Artillery Ordnance Rifle
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
P-38 Lightning
The P-38 Lightning entered service in 1941, and saw action with American forces for much of World War II. Known for its twin tail booms and single central nacelle, the P-38 was fast and durable. With its nose-mounted armament, the P-38 was favored by American aces such as Richard Bong and Thomas MacGuire.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth Ford's Theater
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth at Point Mathias
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
Battle of Otterburn
Clashing on August 9 (or 15), 1388, Scottish forces defeat Henry "Hotspur" Percy at the Battle of Otterburn. A confused battle that was fought by moonlight, Otterburn saw Percy attack the Scots to the north of Newcastle. Though the Scots prevailed, their commander, James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, was killed in the fighting.
Operation Husky
Beginning in July 1943, Operation Husky was the Allied invasion of Sicily during World War II. Landing on the southern coasts of Sicily, American and British armies drove across the island forcing German and Italian troops to retreat to the mainland. Operation Husky cleared the way for the invasion of Italy and contributed to the fall of Mussolini's regime.
World War II Pacific: Causes
Following World War I, the Western Powers recongized Japan as a colonial power. In a quest for additional natural resources and to ease population pressure, Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. These conflicts were condemned by the West, and pressure was exerted on the Japanese goverment to withdrawal. Rather than bow to the West, Japan launched attacks against American and British possessions, beginning World War II in the Pacific.
HMS Ark Royal
HMS Ark Royal was the second purpose-built aircraft carrier built for the Royal Navy. The third ship to carry the name, Ark Royal was launched in 1937, and saw extensive service in the Mediterranean during the early years of World War II. In 1941, its aircraft successfully attacked the German battleship Bismarck, disabling its steering. Ark Royal was sunk in late 1941, after being torpedoed by U-81.
Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa was a famed leader during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1921). Operating in the north of the country, Villa was famed for his lightening cavalry raids and freebooting attitude. In 1920, he retired from military campaigning and lived in peace until he was killed in 1923.
Spanish Armada
Arriving in July 1588, the Spanish Armada sought to control the English Channel and aid in transferring troops from Holland for the invasion of England. Shadowed by the English fleet, the Armada was harried by hit-and-run attacks until being defeated at the Battle of Gravelines on August 8. Retreating north, the Spanish lost many ships on the Irish coast as they sought to return to Spain.
Battle of Cannae
The Battle of Cannae was one of the key engagements of the Second Punic War. Meeting the Romans in southeast Italy, the Carthaginians under Hannibal executed a massive double-envelopment, surrounding and destroying the opposing army. Though the Battle of Cannae did not end the war, it was one of the greatest battlefield triumphs of all time.
12-pounder Napoleon - Weapons of the American Civil War - 12-pounder Napoleon and Civil War Artillery Napoleon
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Battle of Amiens
The 1918 Battle of Amiens was an opening battle of the Allies' Hundred Days' Offensive. Attacking east of Amiens, Allied forces gained over seven miles on the first day. The Battle of Amiens was a decisive victory for the Allies and saw a return to mobile warfare.
Mexican-War Overview
The Mexican-American War resulted the dramatic growth of the United States and laid the seeds for the American Civil War. Start here for information on the Mexican-American War - a short, one page overview of the conflict.
Confederate General JEB Stuart - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War JEB Stuart
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
General Braxton Bragg - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War Braxton Bragg
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
Churchill Tank
The A22 Churchill tank was used by British forces during World War II. Designed as an infantry support tank, the Churchill possessed thick armor and was capable of overcoming many obstacles that would have blocked other tanks of the day. Rushed into production, it was heavily altered during the war and was used as the basis for many specialized vehicles.
Dreyse Needle Gun
The Dreyse Needle Gun was the first military rifle to incorporate breech-loading with a bolt-action. Entering service in 1848, the Needle Gun was used extensively by Prussian forces during the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars. In 1871, the Needle Gun was replaced by the Mauser Rifle.
General P.G.T. Beauregard - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War P.G.T. Beauregard-
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
B-24 Liberator - Bombers of World War II - B-24 Liberator and American World War II Bombers -B-24 Liberator Photos - Photographs of B-24 Liberators
The first major war to feature widespread bombing, World War II produced a variety of bombers of all shapes and sizes. While some nations such as the United States and Great Britain built long-range, four-engine aircraft, others chose to focus on smaller, medium bombers. This gallery will provide an overview of some the bombers used during the conflict.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth Surratt House
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
General Robert E. Lee - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War Robert E. Lee
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
American Civil War 101
The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865, and was the bloodiest conflict in American history. Pitting North against South, the American Civil War had lasting repucussions that are still felt today. This overview will provide a brief history of the American Civil War.
USS Monitor - Weapons of the American Civil War - USS Monitor and Civil War Navies - Civil War Ironclad USS Monitor
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
One of the largest aircraft to see service during World War II, the Boeing B-29 Superfortress was the last major addition to the US bomber fleet during the conflict. Easily recognized by its distinctive silhouette, the B-29 is best known as the aircraft that dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Battle of the Nile
The Battle of the Nile was fought on August 1/2, 1798 in Aboukir Bay. Attacking the French in a night action, Rear Admiral Horatio Nelson sailed into Aboukir Bay and engaged the fleet of Vice Admiral François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers. In the battle that ensued, Nelson destroyed or captured the bulk of the French fleet.
Renault FT-17 Tank
A revolutionary design, the Renault FT-17 was the first tank to possesss a fully rotating turret. Designed by Rodolphe Ernst-Metzmaier, over 3,000 Renault FT-17s were produced and saw service on the Western Front during World War I. While the French were the predominent user of the Renault FT-17, several hundred were given to the US Army and others were built under license in the United States.
Ending the Conflict
The most transformative conflict in history, World War II impacted the entire globe and set the stage for the Cold War. As World War II raged, the leaders of the Allies met several times to direct the course of the fighting and to begin planning for the postwar world. With the defeat of Germany and Japan, their plans were put into action.
Vietnam Vietnamization
A look at the latter stages of US participation in the Vietnam War.
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 - Fighters of World War I - S.E.5 and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
Avro Lancaster - Bombers of World War II - Avro Lancaster and British World War II Bombers - Avro Lancaster Photos - Photographs of Avro Lancasters
The first major war to feature widespread bombing, World War II produced a variety of bombers of all shapes and sizes. While some nations such as the United States and Great Britain built long-range, four-engine aircraft, others chose to focus on smaller, medium bombers. This gallery will provide an overview of some the bombers used during the conflict.
1600s & 1700 Timeline
A military history timeline of the 17th and 18th centuries.
M1903 Springfield Rifle
Developed in 1903, the M1903 Springfield became one of the most famous rifles in American history. The standard infantry weapon of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I, it continued in service into World War II. Though largely replaced by the M1 Garand, the M1903 Springfield remained in some uses through 1957.
Battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto was a key naval engagement during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. Meeting in the Gulf of Patras, the forces of the Holy League succeeded in defeating the Ottoman fleet and ending Turkish expansion in the Mediterranean.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth Departing Mudd
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
Messerschmitt Me 262
The Messerschmitt Me 262 was the world's first operational jet fighter. A groundbreaking aircraft, the Me 262 entered service in 1944. Though faster than Allied fighters, the Me 262 was not as maneuverable and never appeared in large enough numbers to have an impact on the war.
Confederate General Jubal Early - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War Jubal Early
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
Battle of Fredericksburg
The Battle of Fredericksburg was largely fought on December 13, 1862, and was a clear victory for Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Attacking the heights west of the town, Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside's Army of the Potomac was repulsed with heavy casualties. The defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg led to Burnside's removal from command.
Nieuport 11 Bebe - Fighters of World War I - Nieuport 11 Bebe and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
USS Kearsarge - Weapons of the American Civil War - USS Kearsarge and Civil War Navies
The American Civil War saw tremendous advances in military technology. This gallery provides an overview of the weapons used by both sides during the conflict.
New Guinea, Burma, & China
In addition to operations in the Southwest and Central Pacific, fighting raged across New Guinea, Burma, and China as Allied and Japanese forces fought for control. Led by Douglas MacArthur, Allied troops drove many of the Japanese from New Guinea in 1943. To the west, Allied troops were pushed out of Burma necessitating a long campaign to retake it. In China, the Allies supported the operations of Chiang Kai Shek and his Nationalist government.
Confederate General John Bell Hood - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War John Bell Hood
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
Belleau Wood
Fighting in Belleau Wood in 1918, the US Marines earned the nickname "devil dogs." In 26 days of savage fighting, the Marines aided in stopping the German Aisne offensive and recaptured Belleau Wood. In the process, US forces suffered nearly 10,000 casualties.
F4U Corsair
The Chance Vought F4U Corsair entered service at the end of 1942, and became one of the most feared American fighters of World War II. With its gull wings and high speed, the F4U Corsair achieved an 11:1 kill ratio against Japanese aircraft. Retained after the war, the Corsair later saw service during the Korean War.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth Samuel Mudd House
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth Petersen House
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
John Wilkes Booth Escape - Lincoln Assassination John Wilkes Booth Escape - John Wilkes Booth Escape Route Tour - John Wilkes Booth Death and Hangings
After shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth fled Washington, DC. Heading south, Booth and his accomplice David Herold moved through several safe houses before crossing the Potomac River into Virginia. Pursued by Union forces, Booth was finally cornered and killed at the Garrett Farm near Bowling Green, VA on April 26.
Battle of Coronel
The Battle of Coronel was an early naval battle during World War I. Clashing off Coronel, Chile, the German East Asiatic Squadron soundly defeated a British fleet sent to stop them from reaching the Atlantic. The Battle of Coronel was the first major British defeat at sea since 1814.
Battle of Stirling Bridge
Fought in 1297, the Battle of Stirling Bridge was an early victory for the Scots over the English during the First War of Scottish Independence. In addition to repelling the English from Scotland, the Battle of Stirling Bridge earned Sir William Wallace fame and acclaim which led to his appointment as Guardian of Scotland.
Lt. Colonel George A. Custer
George A. Custer first achieved fame as a cavalry commander during the Civil War. A reckless soldier, Custer was known for his personal bravery and willingness to attack the enemy. Following the war, he was assigned to the frontier and took part in the US' wars against the Plains Indians. George Custer was killed in 1876, after his men were overrun at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
Raid on Son Tay
The Raid on Son Tay was an attempt by US Special Forces to liberate American prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. Flying from Thailand, the raiders successfully captured the POW camp at Son Tay, however all of the prisoners had been moved to a different camp a few months earlier. Though no one was liberated, the mission was deemed a "tactical success."
Operation Compass
Operation Compass was the first major campaign of the war in the Western Desert. Beginning in December 1940, British troops pushed the Italians out of Egypt and drove them back across Libya. Relying on superior mobility, the British troops in Operation Compass were able to encircle and destroy the Italian Tenth Army.
Bridge at Remagan
The Bridge at Remagen was the first Allied bridgehead over the Rhine River in the closing days of World War II. Known as the Ludendorff Bridge, the bridge at Remagen was captured by elements of the US 9th Armored Division on March 7-8, 1945, before it could be destroyed by the Germans. The bridge collapsed on March 17, 1945.
Tupolev Tu-2 - Bombers of World War II - Tupolev Tu-2 and World War II Russian Bombers - Tu-2 Photos
The first major war to feature widespread bombing, World War II produced a variety of bombers of all shapes and sizes. While some nations such as the United States and Great Britain built long-range, four-engine aircraft, others chose to focus on smaller, medium bombers. This gallery will provide an overview of some the bombers used during the conflict.
Battle of Hamburger Hill
In May 1969, US forces moved into the A Shau Valley in South Vietnam opening the Battle of Hamburger Hill. Enduring close quarters jungle fighting and several friendly fire incidents, they were finally able to overcome the North Vietnamese resistance. Due to the severity of the fighting, Hill 937 became known as "Hamburger Hill."
Confederate General Richard Ewell - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War Richard Ewell
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
Inchon Landings
A decisive early battle of the Korean War, the Inchon invasion saw UN troops storm ashore deep behind North Korean lines. Coupled with a breakout from the Pusan Perimeter, the Inchon invasion forced the North Koreans to retreat deep into their own country, leading to their near defeat and intervention by the Chinese.
Union General George B McClellan - Union Generals of the American Civil War - Civil War Generals George B. McClellan
The Union Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Union generals who contributed to the Union's cause and helped guide its armies to victory.
Ship of the Line
The standard large warship from the 17th to the 19th century, the ship of the line typically mounted 64 to 110 guns.
Battle of Adrianople
Clashing at the Battle of Adrianople on August 9, 378, the forces of the Eastern Roman Empire were defeated by the Goths. Fighting north of Adrianople, the Romans attacked the Gothic camp and were repulsed. The resulting counterattack drove them from the field and effectively destroyed their army.
The Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was an anti-foreigner, anti-West uprising in China in 1899 and 1900. Largely caused by foreign influence in trade, religion, and politics, the Boxer Rebellion was suppressed by the Eight-Nation Alliance of Japan, Great Britain, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, the Austo-Hungarian Empire, and Russia.
The Eastern Front
Expanding World War II in Europe by invading the Soviet Union in June 1941, Hitler opened a second front that would consume massive amounts of German manpower and resources. After achieving stunning success in the early months of the campaign, the attack stalled and the Soviets began to slowly push the Germans back. On May 2, 1945, the Soviets captured Berlin helping to end World War II in Europe.
Colonel Robert Gould Shaw
A native of Boston, MA, Robert Gould Shaw was the son of wealthy abolitionists. Following the outbreak of the Civil War, Shaw joined the Union Army and saw service with the 2nd Massachusetts. In 1863, he was offered command of the 54th Massachuesetts, the first Union regiment composed entirely of black soldiers. Shaw was killed leading his regiment during the assault on Fort Wagner, outside Charleston, SC, on July 18, 1863.
General John J. Pershing
A pivotal leader of the US Army in the early 20th century, General John J. Pershing was the leader of US forces in Europe during World War I and was a mentor for many of the generals of World War II. In addition, John J. Pershing was the only leader to achieve the rank of General of the Armies.
Vickers Wellington - Bombers of World War II - Vickers Wellington and British World War II Bombers - Vickers Wellington Photos
The first major war to feature widespread bombing, World War II produced a variety of bombers of all shapes and sizes. While some nations such as the United States and Great Britain built long-range, four-engine aircraft, others chose to focus on smaller, medium bombers. This gallery will provide an overview of some the bombers used during the conflict.
Battle of Hastings
Invading England in the fall of 1066, William of Normandy met the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings on October 14. Fighting on Senlac Ridge, William's forces overcame determined resistance from the English to win the day. Following the victory at the Battle of Hastings, William advanced on London and forced the English nobles to submit to him.
Battle of the Coral Sea
Fought May 4-8, 1942, the Battle of the Coral Sea was a strategic victory for the Allies. In the first naval battle fought entirely with aircraft, Allied naval forces were able to block a Japanese drive through the Coral Sea to Port Moresby. When the Battle of the Coral Sea ended, the Japanese had lost a light carrier while the Allies lost a heavy carrier.
Battles of Lexington & Concord
Fought on April 19, 1775, the Battles of Lexington and Concord were the opening actions of the American Revolution. The first shots were fired at Lexington as British troops from Boston passed through on their way to capture colonial military stores in Concord. After departing Concord, the British were attacked by colonial militia en route back to the city and suffered substantial casualties.
Charles Martel
Charles Martel was the leader of the Frankish army at the Battle of Tours in 732, and played a key role in turning back the Muslim invasions of Europe. Charles Martel also founded the Carolingian Empire which was later ruled by his grandson, Charlemagne.
General Joseph Johnston - Confederate Generals of the Civil War - Southern Generals of the Civil War Joseph Johnston
The Confederate Army employed hundreds of generals during the Civil War. This gallery provides an overview of several of the key Confederate generals who contributed to the Southern cause and helped guide its armies throughout the war.
WWII in Africa & Italy
Following the fall of France, the fighting in World War II in Europe shifted to the sands of North Africa. Battling the famed "Desert Fox," Erwin Rommel, the Allies were able to sweep Axis troops out Africa and opened the "soft under belly" of Europe to attack. After landing in Sicily and Italy the Allies steadily advanced north for the remainder of World War II.
Fokker E.III - Fighters of World War I - Fokker E.III and Aircraft of World War I
World War I was the first major conflict to feature a wide variety of military aircraft. Beginning with simple and fragile fighters such as the Fokker E.III, the air forces of both sides quickly developed increasingly sleek and sophisticated aircraft to contest the skies over Europe. This gallery provides an overview of the fighters employed by the British, French, and German air services during World War I.
USS Indianapolis
Commissioned in 1932, USS Indianapolis was a Portland-class heavy cruiser. Seeing action in the Pacific during World War II, USS Indianapolis participated in many of the conflicts major campaigns and was tasked with carrying the atomic bomb to Tinian in 1945. After delivering the bomb, USS Indianapolis was torpedoed and sunk with many of the crew dying of exposure and shark attacks.
Vo Nguyen Giap
A prominent Vietnamese general and statesman, Vo Nguyen Giap led the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War against France and masterminded the capture of Dien Bien Phu in 1954. During the Vietnam War, Vo Nguyen Giap served as commander-in-chief of the People's Army of Vietnam and planned the Tet Offensive.
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown was fought between September 28 and October 19, 1781, after Gen. George Washington slipped away from New York and besieged Gen. Charles Cornwallis' army at Yorktown, VA. Supported by the French, Washington was able to compel the British to surrender after a brief siege. The Battle of Yorktown was the last major engagement of the American Revolution.
Joshua L. Chamberlain
One of the most famed Union commanders of the Civil War, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain was a college professor turned army officer. A native of Maine, Chamberlain heroically defended Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg and ultimately was chosen to receive the Confederate surrender at Appomattox.
Andersonville Prison
Andersonville Prison was the most notorious prisoner of war camp of the Civil War. Constructed in southern Georgia, the 26.5 acre, open stockade received over 45,000 prisoners during its year of operation. Plagued by disease and starvation, 12,913 Union prisoners died at Andersonville.
Battle of Isandlwana
The Battle of Isandlwana was fought on January 22, 1879, during the opening stages of the Anglo-Zulu War. After advancing into Zululand, the British troops guarding the camp at Isandlwana were attacked by the main Zulu army and massacred. The defeat at Isandlwana remains the greatest British defeat at the hands of native forces.
Battle of Blenheim
The 1704 Battle of Blenheim was a decisive victory for the Grand Alliance during the War of Spanish Succession. Led by the Duke of Marlborough, the Alliance's forces destroyed a French and Bavarian army along the banks of the Danube near the village of Blindheim. The Battle of Blenheim was one of the turning points of the conflict.
F-105 Thunderchief
The F-105 Thunderchief was one of the US Air Force's primary fighter-bombers during the Vietnam War. Widely used for strike bombing over North Vietnam, the F-105 also was employed in a "wild weasel" role to suppress enemy surface-to-air missiles. The Thunderchief remained in use until 1984.
Battle of Falkirk
Marching north in 1298, to avenge the English defeat at Stirling Bridge, King Edward I met a smaller Scottish army under Sir William Wallace at Falkirk. Using his archers to weaken the Scottish lines, Edward's troops were then able to drive the Scots from the field.
The Quasi-War
The Quasi-War was an undeclared maritime conflict between the United States and France. Fought between 1798-1800, the Quasi-War was the result of disagreements regarding the United States' neutrality during the war of the French Revolution.
Ordnance QF 25 Pounder
The Ordnance QF 25-pounder was the standard artillery piece used by British Commonwealth forces during World War II. Designed to be an improvement over the World War I-era 18-pounder, the 25-pounder saw service in all theaters and was a favorite with gun crews. It remained in use through the 1960s and 1970s.
Admiral Sir Henry Morgan
Sir Admiral Henry Morgan was an English privateer during the 1600s who led buccaneers in the Caribbean Sea. During his career he sacked several Spanish cities and is best known for his capture of Panama in 1671. Henry Morgan was knighted three years later and became Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica in 1675.
Battle of Marathon
Occurring in August/September 490 BC, the Battle of Marathon saw an inferior Greek force defeat a much larger Persian army. Fought on the Plains of Marathon, the Greeks boldly attacked and caught the Persians in a double envelopment. Battling on three sides, the Persian ranks broke and they fled the field.
World War II Pacific: 1942
During the first full year of World War II in the Pacific, the Japanese won a series of victories over the Allies, capturing the Singapore and the Philippines. In May and June, the Japanese advance was checked at the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway. The latter, due to the heavy naval losses inflicted on the Japanese is seen as the turning point of World War II in the Pacific. As a follow up to these victories, the Allies began the long march to Japan by invading Guadalcanal.
Battle of Taranto
The Battle of Taranto was fought on the night of November 11/12, 1940, and consisted of a British aerial attack on the Italian fleet. Flying from HMS Illustrious, 21 Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers struck the anchorage at Taranto, sinking one battleship and crippling two more. The attack on Taranto forces the Italians to withdraw their fleet farther north and helped inspire the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

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